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What is
retribution theology?
.
Retribution theology says
if you get cancer, it’s a sign that God is punishing you for something bad
you’ve done. If your business prospers, it’s a sign that God is pleased with
you. The Bible certainly teaches the concept of sowing and reaping. God will
take vengeance on evildoers someday - and He promises a final judgment. So,
there will be retribution - but the final judgment is yet future. Retribution
theology is concerned with rewards and punishments here and now. Retribution
theology is countered in Scripture. Not all good people are rewarded with good
things in this life - and not all wicked people receive punishment immediately.
One day, God will judge the world in righteousness and perfect justice - retribution
is coming. Until that day, we are careful not to assume God’s blessing or
judgment on individuals based on their external circumstances - we trust the
Judge of all the earth to always do what’s right
Got Questions Ministries
“How
long, LORD, will the wicked, how long will the wicked be jubilant?” - Psalm 94:3
Retribution theology is basically the idea that you get what you
deserve.
God
sees to it that the good people get good things in life, and the bad people get
bad things.
God
punishes people in this world in direct response to their actions.
Retribution
theology says, for example, if you get cancer, it’s a sign that God is
punishing you for something bad you’ve done.
If your
business prospers, it’s a sign that God is pleased with you.
Retribution
theology is thus an overly simplistic interpretation of life events that makes
assumptions about God’s intentions.
The
Bible certainly teaches the concept of sowing and reaping (Galatians 6:7).
God
will take vengeance on evildoers someday (Micah 5:15; Matthew 3:7).
And He
promises a final judgment (Isaiah 1:24; Revelation 20:11–15).
So,
there will be retribution.
But the
final judgment is yet future.
Retribution
theology is concerned with rewards and punishments here and now.
Retribution
theology is countered in Scripture.
The
fact is that not all good people are rewarded with good things in this life (Job and Paul are
notable examples).
And not
all wicked people receive punishment immediately; otherwise, we wouldn’t have
questions like “How long, LORD, will the wicked, how long will the wicked be
jubilant?” in Psalm 94:3 (cf. Psalm 73:2–16).
King Ahab was one of the wickedest kings
ever to defame a throne, yet he reigned twenty-two years in Samaria (1 Kings 16:29).
Twenty-two
years of luxury for the evil king, while the righteous in Israel were being
persecuted; there weren’t many believers in retribution theology in Ahab’s day.
When Job’s
friends came to speak to Job in his misery, they brought with
them their retribution theology.
Eliphaz
sets the stage early on: “Consider now: Who, being innocent, has ever
perished? Where were the upright ever destroyed? As I have observed, those who
plow evil and those who sow trouble reap it. At the breath of God they perish;
at the blast of his anger they are no more” (Job 4:7–9).
In other words, Eliphaz simplistically concluded that the innocent are protected in this world and the wicked perish.
Bildad
and Zophar echo the same sentiments, accusing Job of wrongdoing, as evidenced
by his plight (Job 8:6; 20:27–29).
But all
three of Job’s friends were wrong about Job and wrong about God (Job 42:7).
When
Jesus’ disciples saw a man born blind, they asked, “Who sinned, this man or
his parents, that he was born blind?” (John 9:2).
Such a
question shows an underlying belief in retribution theology — either the man or
his parents were being punished for some wrongdoing.
Jesus’
answer quashes that notion: “Neither this man nor his parents sinned” (verse
3).
God had
purposes in the man’s blindness other than punishing sin.
Jesus
once referenced a local tragedy to make a point about repentance: “Those
eighteen who died when the tower in Siloam fell on them — do you
think they were more guilty than all the others living in Jerusalem? I tell
you, no! But unless you repent, you too will all perish” (Luke 13:4–5).
In
calling all men to repent, Jesus also countered retribution theology — those
who died in Siloam were not killed because of any special sin they had
committed; the tower’s fall was not God’s retribution.
Some
people see retribution theology taught in the book of Proverbs.
Many
proverbs seem to promise good things for the righteous and bad things for the
wicked.
For
example, “The LORD’s curse is on the house of the wicked, but he blesses the
home of the righteous” (Proverbs 3:33).
Also, “Before
a downfall the heart is haughty, but humility comes before honor” (Proverbs 18:12).
And “The
righteous eat to their hearts’ content, but the stomach of the wicked goes
hungry” (Proverbs 13:25).
We must
remember something about the nature of proverbs: namely, proverbs are not
promises rather, they are general truths about life.
Generally
speaking, making wise choices in life brings better results than making foolish
choices.
Living
godly usually has practical, temporal benefits in addition to the eternal
benefits.
There
may be exceptions to the rule, such as when a godly man is thrown into a den of
lions (Daniel 6:16) or
lowered into a mud pit (Jeremiah 38:6).
Others
look to the blessings and cursings attached to the Mosaic
Law for proof of retribution theology: “I command you today
to love the Lord your God, to walk in obedience to him, and to keep his
commands, decrees and laws; then you will live and increase, and the Lord your
God will bless you in the land you are entering to possess. But if your heart
turns away and you are not obedient, and if you are drawn away to bow down to
other gods and worship them, I declare to you this day that you will certainly
be destroyed. You will not live long in the land you are crossing the Jordan to
enter and possess” (Deuteronomy 30:16–18).
It’s
true that, under Israel’s theocracy, God promised retribution upon the
disobedient.
Sometimes
that retribution fell quickly (Numbers 11:33), and sometimes not so
quickly (Psalm 35:17).
But
God’s treatment of Israel under the dispensation of the Law cannot be the
basis of our theology in the dispensation of grace.
When
the ship carrying Paul was shipwrecked on the island of Malta, the apostle
gathered sticks to help build a fire on the shore.
As he
threw some sticks into the flames, a viper came out and bit his hand.
Immediately,
the islanders assumed they knew why: “They said to each other, ‘This man
must be a murderer; for though he escaped from the sea, the goddess Justice has
not allowed him to live’” (Acts 28:4).
The
islanders believed in retribution theology, but they were wrong about Paul.
When
Jesus was hanging on the cross between two criminals, the passersby assumed
Jesus was getting what He deserved: “We considered him punished by God,
stricken by him, and afflicted” (Isaiah 53:4).
That’s
the kind of assumption common in retribution theology, but, in Jesus’ case, it
was wrong again.
One day, God will judge the world in righteousness and perfect justice.
Retribution
is coming (Revelation 22:12).
Until
that day, we are careful not to assume God’s blessing or judgment on
individuals based on their external circumstances.
We trust the Judge of all the earth to always do what’s right (Genesis 18:25).
Got
Questions Ministries
seeks to glorify the Lord Jesus Christ by providing biblical, applicable, and
timely answers to spiritually related questions through an internet presence.
GotQuestions.org is a ministry of dedicated and trained servants who have a
desire to assist others in their understanding of God, Scripture, salvation,
and other spiritual topics. We are Christian, Protestant, evangelical,
theologically conservative, and non-denominational. We view ourselves as a
para-church ministry, coming alongside the church to help people find answers
to their spiritually related questions.
https://www.gotquestions.org/retribution-theology.html
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